This study investigates the capability of PVDF hollow fiber membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The goal is to determine the influence of membrane characteristics on the general treatment performance. A variety of PVDF hollow fiber membranes with different pore sizes and surface texture

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a promising solution for treating wastewater due to its ability to achieve high removal rates of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs combine the principles of biological treatment with membrane filtration, resulting in an efficien

Nanobubbles are emerging as a groundbreaking solution in the agricultural sector. These tiny gas bubbles, measuring just nanometers in diameter, possess unique properties that enhance plant growth and crop yields. nanobubbles project; By utilizing nanobubbles into irrigation systems or soil amendmen